Land Clearing and Timber Cutting Techniques

hi all, meet again, now I will explain how to do the right land clearing and timber cutting techniques are correct. In coal mining we know the "land clearing" the process of clearing the land to be mined from the trees and other forest plants before stripping Over burden or top soil.


Land Clearing Activities:

1. Under Brushing
    Clearing of trees with a diameter of 30 cm maximum

 
2. Felling and Cutting
    Clearing of trees over 30 cm in diameter

 





3. Pilling
    Stacking wood that has been collected by a certain distance

 










4. Burning
    Burning wood has dried enough that has been collected without burning wood production

 





While the method of Land Clearing:

1. Perimeter Method
 Method of cutting a circle in the middle stacked material

 

2. Crop Cut method 
Withholding that starts from the middle toward the exit

  








To correct the tree-cutting techniques are:
1. Preparation
    - Parking place secure unit
    - Perform Observation

 




2. True Cut Technique:
    - Note the direction of leaning trees

 





3. False Cut Techniques:
    - No attention heeling tree
    - Operate the device at random

 







4. True Cut Technique:
    - Cutting edge of tree roots
    - Encouraging the direction of inclination

 






5. True Cut Technique:
    - Break down by tilting

So a little explanation about the technique I land clearing and tree cutting techniques, hopefully to remind us together. Due to the small case, we will be great. the past is key to the future. The next meeting, I'll write a guide for an operator of heavy equipment to clear land. thank you

Plants Pasak_bumi

Pasak_bumi is a traditional medicinal plant from Borneo (Indonesia), where this plant can restore stamina has been lost due to fatigue. two plants is highly efficacious for back pain, and fatigue, and most of all is to increase male virility.

This herb is used by the indigenous Dayak Borneo, which has been used thousands of years ago for their health, especially for men.

How to use this herb is very simple :
1. Take the roots of trees and Saluang_belum Pasak_bumi
2. Then cut with a size of 10 cm
3. Sun to dry
4. Then soak in hot water for 1 hour
5. Potion is ready to drink

Perform these steps for 1 month and see for yourself the efficacy of these ingredients.

sorry, I do not sell the product. if you want to get the potion. you can come to the island of Kalimantan (Indonesia), when you vacation or travel.

Regional Stratigraphy Of The East Barito Regency (Central Kalimantan - Indonesia)

Investigations by Regional Area is part of the Barito Basin, including into the eastern part of the Geological Map Sheet Tamiang Fly. Based on geological data from the above mentioned map sheets, lithologic composition is as follows:

ALLUVIUM (Qa): Mud gray - black, insert limonite clay and peat, sand, gravel, pebbles and chunks of rock are older. Is the result of stream sediment or floodplain. Thickness reaches 10 meters.

FORMASI DAHOR (TQd): Sandstone is less dense to loose, insert siltstone, shale, lignite and limonite. Deposited in a transitional environment to reach 300 meters thick. Plio-Pleistocene age suspected. The formation is not aligned on top of the formations below and generally located on the morphology of the lowlands, which are sometimes difficult to separate the sediment surface.

Warukin Formation (Tmw): coarse sandstone - is in part conglomeratic, insert siltstone and shale, semi-solid, layered and cross-bedding perarian structured and tiered layers. Open fold structure with a layer of approximately 10 ° slope. Formation is Middle Miocene - Miocene, reaching 500 meters in thickness and deposited in the transition area. Warukin formations are aligned on top of disarray and Montalat Formation. According to its physical properties, thi
s formation is located in the undulating plains sloping morphology.
FORMASI MONTALAT (Tomm): white quartz sandstone cross-bedding structure, partly calcareous, insert siltstone, shale and coal. Small fossilized forams Oligocene (P19 - N3). Deposited in open shallow sea, with a thickness reaching 1400 meters. This Formation Formation menjemari with dispersed and aligned above the Tanjung Formation. Type of multiplication is similar to the Tanjung Formation, but a little more open. Distribution occupies hilly morphology.

MINING METHOD

MINING METHOD

In the selection of mining method to be applied is determined by the characteristics of the Field, Deposit, Environmental and most economical operation costs.
The factors that determine the selection of mining method:
- Characteristics of Deposit: The slope, size and distribution, geological structures (faults, fractures and multiplication)- Consideration of topographical and Hydrology (rainfall and ground water)- Geotechnical Considerations- Economic Considerations- Environmental Considerations:- Availability of tools- Production Rate- The quality of ore / coal is expected = Is it necessary "Selective Mining"- Distance from PIT to dispose of Waste Dump / Crusher

IMPLEMENTING BASIC MINING ARE OPEN:

WHEN MINING OPERATIONS RESULTS OF OPEN THIS WILL GIVE YOU THAT RESULTS IN MINING profitable THEN DO NOT USUALLY WHEN OPEN AND ALTERNATIVE Wanted UNDERGROUND MINING.

ECONOMIC / least MINING OPERATIONS IN OPEN THIS USUALLY indicated by the ratio of Peel (STRIP RATIO). Examples of boundary S / R in some job site PAMA:
IMM 5.8 bcm of Land: one ton of coal
Adaro 2.4 bcm of Land: one ton of coal
Petangis 6 bcm of Land: one ton of coal
KPC 6:02 bcm Land: 1 ton of coal

SO HAVE MINE NOTING THE SUPERVISORY MINING IN THIS FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF NOT EXCEEDING / REDUCE LIMITS ARE ALREADY PLANNED due to it will REDUCE OPERATING PROFIT LEVEL IS MINE.

 

Examples of the Open For Coal Mining Method

A. Contour Mining
This system is applied to the coal deposits are exposed (out crop) on the slopes of the mountain / hill. Mining activity was started by stripping (overburden) along the slope (exposed coal) follow contour lines, soil peeling driven and dumped in the lower slope region, followed coal mining.
Advantages: Land enough in pushing a bulldozer, or if you must use a transport truck on the road will decrease.

B. Mining Area.
This system is used for coal deposits are nearly flat, mining began from the initial mining area (box cut), where the soil of this area of the box cut will be discharged into the area of waste ground outside the pit and later dumped behind the excavation has been mined.

C. Open Pit Mining
Applied to the coal deposits that have a great inclination (steep), usually applied in a thick coal seam for single coal seam or who have many layers (multiple seams), due to the steep slope to get more much-needed coal mine deep enough . Generally, the excavation system used ladder system (multi-benching)

How To Distinguish Quality Of Coal

in the current post I discussed about how to distinguish low-calorie coal and high calorie coal directly. in our survey activities are often difficult to distinguish coal, where coal low calorie and high calorie coal which, in fact we can distinguish both cases in the following manner:
 1. Hardnes coal
     coal with low calorific value usually has a relatively low violent or vulnerable, while coal with high calorific value is usually louder than the low-calorie coal. 
2. Scratch
    We can differentiate with nails scraping the coal is found, if the scratch and dull brown color, it means that coal is a low-calorie, but if the scratch is black means high calorific coal. 
3. Sheen
    We can differentiate with the sheen of the coal, soil and dull sheen if means lower calories, but if the oil sheen - gloss glass means high calories 
4. Heavy coal
   Usually low-rank coal is more severe in comparison with high calorie coal, because the water contains a lot of low calorie and its formation is not perfect.
If the four points above have not made your crested black macaques, there is a danger that the most appropriate way."Bring your coal samples to the laboratory for the meticulous", it is the best way of four points above
Good luck, success for you ................

Liabilities in Exploration Permit:

Liabilities in Exploration Permit:
1. Establish representative offices
2. Reported investment plans
3. put the implementation of the guarantee fund of $ 5 / ha to the regents
4. Delivering the Work Plan and Budget cost
5. Make quarterly reports to the regents
6. submit development plans and community empowerment
7. comply with the taxation in accordance with legislation
8. rents and royalties paid in accordance with legislation
9. make a thorough analysis of environmental impacts
10. preparing documents before mining reclamation
11. place the reclamation fund to local governments in accordance with legislation
12. submit a final report of exploration activities
13. feasibility study report

Thus I will convey your obligations in the conduct of exploration licenses, may be useful

Indonesian Mining Permits

In my post, I'll explain how to obtain mining permits in Indonesia. In the manufacture of mining permits into your Indonesian government must meet three major sections licenses.
As for these three great lines I will explain as follows:

1. SKIP (permit review)
In this license you can only make observations of outcrop, the observation area, the observation location to be in mine.
In this phase you are required to submit a review report to the office of the mining field, for the asking deal from the head of the relevant region. and in this stage you can ask your coordinates will be mine.

2. IUP Esplorasi (Exploration Permit)
In this permission you are able to do more in-depth investigations such as drilling activities, tofografi, geohidro, logging geofika.
in this license you must submit reports every three months, year-end reports, and statements of work plans and cost plans. exploration permit is valid for one year

3. IUP Eksploitasi (Exploitation Permit)
In this license you are able to undertake mining activities, transportation, and this permits selling.And you get after fulfilling obligations above two points

If you've met all three licenses it then you already can do mine in Indonesia.
More detailed explanation about the three licenses will I explain to my post will come.

COAL CORE HANDLING PROCEDURES (Standart GORC)

Here I will explain how the results of drilling samples, based on my experience in the field with GORC Australia (mining Consult), let's get started:

1. Examine Drill Logs, Geophysical Logs and Cross-Sections for nearby drillholes to determine seam characteristics and consistency – IDENTIFY MINING HORIZONS (Clean and Wash Coal Sections).

2. Plot expected drillhole Graphic Log. Advise Driller, give copy of Graphic Log.

3. Open Hole drilling. Plot drill progress on Graphic Log, actual versus expected.

4. Plot drill progress on Cross-Section

5. TOUCH CORE Coal Seam

6. Remove core from barrel, open core barrel inner split tube.

7. Wash drill mud from upper half of core, cover core with Plastic Tubing (cut lengthways), cover with half PVC split.

8. Rotate core and remove other half of core barrel inner split tube, wash core.

9. Take a PHOTO CORE with give mark for TOP and BOTTOM, HOLE ID, and DEPTH.

10. LOG COAL CORE without breaking core – use knife to “scratch” core (identify partings, coaly shale, carbonaceous shale).

11. Seal Plastic Tubing, COAL IS NOW INSIDE PLASTIC TUBING

12. Wrap PVC split tightly with tape and MARK with TOP and BOTTOM, HOLE NO and DEPTH.

13. Continue coring (if still in coal) or open hole drilling.

14. Take sealed PVC back to Field Camp.

15. REPEAT ABOVE PROCEDURE if other seams are to be cored.
Log Interpretation and Sample Selection

Resources and Reserves

Coal resources is part of a coal deposit which is expected to be utilized. These coal resources are divided into classes based on the resources of geological confidence level determined by the qualitative geological conditions / level of complexity and quantitatively by the distance between point of information. This resource can be increased to reserve if after the feasibility study to be feasible.
Reserves of coal (Coal Reserves) is part of the coal resources that have been known dimensions, distribution of quantity, and quality, which at the time of the feasibility study to be feasible to be mined.
The classification of coal resources and reserves based on the level of geological confidence and feasibility studies. Grouping contains two aspects, namely geological and economic aspects.
Classroom Resources